The crystallization of liquid - liquid crystal as early as 1850, Prussia doctor rudolph, phil salt (Rudolf Virchow), and other people is the extract of nerve fibers was found to contain a kind of unusual material.In 1877, a German physicist Otto, lehman (Otto Lehmann) using polarized light microscope for the first time the phenomenon of liquid crystal was observed, but he didn't understand the causes of this phenomenon.


Austrian German plant physiologist at the university of Prague, Frederick fierce lenny, ze (Friedrich Reinitzer) in heating benzoic acid cholesterol ester (Cholesteryl Benzoate) study role of cholesterol in the plant, on March 14, 1883, cholesterol Benzoate was observed in hot melt when abnormal performance.It melt in 145.5 ℃, with the brilliance of dregs, temperature rises to 178.5 ℃, the light disappeared, transparent liquid.The clear liquid cooling, slightly cloudy again appear, instantly appear blue, and at the beginning of crystallization, moments before color is blue and purple.
Lenny ze repeatedly to determine after his discovery, the German physicist with lehman.When lehman built a microscope with heating functions to explore the process of liquid crystal cooling crystallization, more on the polarizer, later is in-depth research Investigate lai's jersey compounds of the instrument.And from that time on, lehman's completely focused on the plant-based material.He early for soft crystal, then renamed transformed fluid and finally convinced that the polarized light properties is unique crystallization, the liquid crystal body (Fliessende kristalle) name is correct.The difference of the name with LCD (Flussige kristalle) is only one step away.Lenny and lehman was later known as the father of LCD.

   
By Gardner mann (l. gattermann), the g (A Ristschke) synthetic azo ether, oxygen is identified as lehman LCD.But in the 20th century, famous scientists, such as Tanzania, (g. tammann) thought lehman's observations, such as only very small crystal form colloidal suspension care body phenomenon.Nie, (w. Nernst) thinks that LCD is mixture of compounds of tautomerism.However, chemists v rand (d. Vorlander) efforts by gather experience that he can predict what kind of compounds are the most liquid crystal characteristics may be present, and then synthetic compounds, such as the theory and proved.